The Economics of Inclusion

European Fiscal Monitor: Employment of People with Disabilities

European Commission fiscal sustainability analysis projecting long-run pension and welfare savings from closing the disability employment gap by 10 percentage points.

Return on Investment in Disability Hiring Programs

Case study evidence from 40 European employers showing average 3-year ROI of 180% from structured disability hiring programmes, accounting for subsidies, accommodation, and productivity.

The Disability Employment Gap in the EU: Causes and Remedies

European Commission analysis of the 24 percentage-point employment gap between disabled and non-disabled workers across EU-27, with evidence-based policy recommendations.

Designing Effective Wage Subsidies for Disabled Workers in Europe

Policy design review of employer wage subsidies across Nordic, Continental, and Eastern European models — marginal employment effects, deadweight loss, and optimal targeting.

Social Return on Investment of Supported Employment in Europe

Multi-country SROI analysis of supported employment programmes showing £6.50–£9.20 return per £1 invested, accounting for reduced benefits, increased tax, and wellbeing gains.

Ageing Workforce and Disability Inclusion: An Economic Imperative

OECD analysis of how rising workforce disability rates from ageing populations make inclusion not optional but structurally necessary for EU labour force sufficiency and pension sustainability.

Health Costs of Unemployment Among People with Disabilities